WHAT IS A TYPE RATING AND WHY PILOT NEED IT – is an additional certification that pilots need to operate specific aircraft models, typically complex or larger planes such as jet airliners, multi-engine aircraft, or helicopters. While a pilot license (such as a Commercial Pilot License or Airline Transport Pilot License) qualifies a pilot to fly general categories of aircraft, a type rating certifies them to operate a particular make and model of aircraft, for example, the Boeing 737 or Airbus A320.
Why Type Ratings Are Needed
Type ratings are required because different aircraft can vary widely in their complexity and operation. Many larger or more advanced aircraft have unique systems, flight characteristics, and operational procedures that demand specialized training. Some of the main reasons for needing a type rating include:
- Complex Systems: Larger commercial jets and high-performance planes have advanced avionics, navigation, and safety systems, such as autopilot modes, electronic flight instrument systems, and sophisticated hydraulics.
- Different Handling Characteristics: Larger or specialized aircraft can handle differently from smaller, simpler planes, particularly in terms of speed, weight, and aerodynamics. Pilots need to be proficient in handling these characteristics under various conditions.
- Safety and Regulations: Regulatory bodies such as the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) in the U.S. and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) in Europe mandate type ratings for complex aircraft to ensure that pilots have received the necessary training and are familiar with the specific procedures required to operate these planes safely.
- Operational Procedures: Each type of aircraft may have unique procedures for things like takeoff, landing, emergency protocols, and fuel management. Type rating training provides the required skills for these specific operations.
How a Type Rating Works
To earn a type rating, a pilot must complete ground school and simulator and flight training specific to that aircraft type. The training is usually conducted at an approved training organization or flight school and is typically intensive, covering aspects such as:
- Aircraft Systems: Detailed training on systems like avionics, hydraulics, electrics, and flight controls.
- Normal and Emergency Procedures: Pilots learn how to handle standard operations as well as emergency scenarios unique to the aircraft.
- Simulated Flights: Training often includes many hours in a full-motion simulator, allowing pilots to practice both normal and emergency procedures safely.
- Checkride: At the end of training, pilots must pass a checkride (practical test) with an examiner to demonstrate proficiency in operating the aircraft safely.
When Type Ratings Are Required
Type ratings are usually required for:
- Commercial Airliners: Large, multi-engine passenger aircraft such as the Boeing 737, Airbus A320, etc.
- Corporate and Business Jets: Private jets often require a type rating due to their complexity.
- High-Performance Aircraft: Some single-pilot jets or advanced twin-engine aircraft require a type rating, even for private pilots.
Summary
A type rating is an essential qualification for pilots who aim to fly complex, large, or advanced aircraft. It’s a regulatory requirement that ensures pilots have the specific knowledge and skills needed to operate a particular make and model safely, emphasizing the importance of specialized training for safety and operational standards.